Showing posts with label C13th. Show all posts
Showing posts with label C13th. Show all posts

Friday, 8 October 2010

If I could explain it any better I'm sure I would

I'm a bit sad today. Not seriously so, you understand; it's mostly loneliness. I've taken a gap year, and all my friends have now jetted off to exotic locals Coventry, Wales, Manchester and the like to study new and exciting subjects Chaucer and Mathematics. Still, whatever floats their boats, eh? I, of course, don't begrudge them their time or happiness at their various universities - indeed, I am glad they all seem to be enjoying it so much. But sometimes, when I'm stuck in a tiny village with nothing going on in the arse end of nowhere, things do get a bit lonely.

And yet! It does not necessarily have to be so. I haven't really felt lonely all day - it's only now, when they're all out at the pub or various clubs, having lots of fun that I really miss them, because they're not here to talk to me. Over the course of today, I have spoken to my friends in Wales, Manchester, Shropshire, Coventry and Birmingham via a combination of email, instant message, text message, Skype, Facebook and Twitter (because I am cutting edge a poncy middle class child). If I wasn't so socially retarded, I could even phone them and see how their days had been. In a few weeks, I shall hop on a train and even visit a few of them.

So actually, I'm very lucky. A lot of people, even in this day and age, do not have the option to do any of this. Further back in time, very few people did. Carrier pigeons, whilst generally reliable, aren't always the speediest forms of communication, though they did have the advantage of being less likely to betray you or be intercepted than a rider on horseback was. If you wanted to stay in touch with someone in the thirteenth century, your options were pretty limited.

This brings me to Isabella of Angoulême. Clearly... On this day, in 1200, she was crowned Queen Consort of England, a few months after her marriage to King John I. This is Isabella (obviously quite a few years after her marriage...):


I'm not sure if you can tell from her tomb, but when she married John, on August 24th of the same year, she was heralded as a great beauty - medieval Historians sometimes call her the Helen of the Middle Ages. This was a double edged sword for her - the British people were, apparently, pleased to have such a beautiful wife for their King (and there was me thinking the excessive photoshopping of women in magazines and the like to "bring them up" to the required "standard" was a modern thing...), but she turned said King into a lazy scoundrel. Kings were expected to get up at five o'clock in the morning (effing hell) whereas John used to like to stay in bed with her until nearly midday. This was terribly shocking to medieval sensibilities, and didn't exactly do much for John's reputation as a good-for-nothing waster. The common people of England deemed her a siren, and she was well known for being vain.

Isabella was also French, as you may have guessed. Again this was a double edged sword, as whilst the French had made up the ruling elite ever since the Norman Conquest of 1066, there were still some displaced English nobles who considered themselves - or, to be more precise, their daughters - more worthy of the throne. But she did manage to provide the country with five healthy children, including the future King Henry II, so she was forgiven most things.

Despite the fact that she was so vain, well known for having a terrible temper to match her husband's, a clear royalist and a snob, who detested her lower ranking once her husband had died, which left her merely Countess of Angoulême, I feel rather sorry for Isabella. She was born in 1188, and those who are good with numbers will have spotted that this made her a mere 12 years old when she married John (who was 32 at the time). She would have been relatively alone (I say relatively - clearly she had numerous servants with her, but none of the family and friends she had grown up with) in a foreign country, where most people treated her with suspicion, and, in the case of most men, gruesome lust. 

If I can be lonely, a mere two hour drive from most of my friends - nearer in some cases - with instant virtual access to them if I require - I cannot begin to imagine what life must have been like for Isabella, a little French girl, a pawn in some diplomatic marriage or another, traded off in exchange for money, or land, or both, suddenly thrust into the middle of English court life. I apologize if this has come across as very 'poor little rich girl'; that was not my intention. I merely wanted to raise the issue once again that things are never as straightforward as they first appear, particularly when it comes to History.

I really wish I didn't write so clinically, that my style was more prosaic. I'm not even sure I explained that clearly. If I could explain it any better, I'm sure I would...

Sunday, 3 October 2010

The True Prince of Wales

Having written such serious pieces the last couple of days, I think it's time we had something a little more lighthearted. It is also absolutely pouring with rain - horrible, slanted, icy rain, the kind that hits you from every angle and soaks through your waterproof - so I think it's also time we took a trip to Wales. On this day in 1283, the Prince of Gwynedd - Dafydd ap Gruffydd - became the first person to be executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered. A dubious honour indeed.

What exactly is hanging, drawing and quartering, I hear you ask? Let me explain. [Those of weak heart/mind/stomach should probably skip this paragraph.] First, you take your criminal and attach him to a horse - or maybe two horses, if he was a bit chubby - via a hurdle.You then draw him on the hurdle across town, to his place of execution. (So I guess it really should be called drawing, hanging and quartering...) Next, you string up your criminal (who is having this done to him because he's been convicted of High Treason by the way) and hang him until he's almost dead, before cutting him down. Then (and here comes the really gory bit), you cut off his 'privy members' and take out his bowels 'and burn them before him'. You would then have  him (and it was always him - women were merely burned at the stake, for the sake of 'decency') beheaded, and his body chopped into quarters and sent to various parts of the country, as a warning to anyone else who might have been considering committing a treasonous act. 

All this, of course, took place in a public arena - partially to maximize the indignity the criminal had to suffer, and partially because it was a great form of entertainment in Medieval Britain. (Anyone who is tutting about the uncivilized barbarians who make up medieval society should think carefully about the sorts of films people nowadays like to watch - the kind which have wimps like me hiding behind the sofa and sleeping with the light on for days, and imagine what they might think of us.)

And what had good old Dafydd done to deserve such a fate? He was sentenced "to be drawn to the gallows as a traitor to the King who made him a Knight, to be hanged as the murderer of the gentleman taken in the Castle of Hawarden, to have his limbs burnt because he had profaned by assassination the solemnity of Christ's passion and to have his quarters dispersed through the country because he had in different places compassed the death of his lord the king".

You see, after his brother died in 1282, Dafydd was proclaimed Prince of Wales and decided to attack Hawarden Castle in Shropshire as a display of power, which didn't exactly go down too well with Edward I, to whom Dafydd was supposed to be paying homage. Edward amassed an army, and by January 1283, had captured most of the heartland of Wales. Dafydd and his supporters held out for another six months or so, hiding in the valleys, but were eventually captured on 22 June. He was tried for high treason against the King (again, the first person to suffer this fate) in Chester, and naturally found guilty. His sons were imprisoned in Bristol Castle, for the rest of their lives, where they died in circumstances which can best be described as mysterious; his daughters sent to convents around the country. 

Because of this, Dafydd not only holds the title of a famous first, but also a famous last - he was the last Welsh Prince of Wales. Edward I made his eldest son (also called Edward) Prince of Wales on his birth, and the title has been held by the current monarch's eldest son ever since. 

One can understand why the Welsh may not be so happy about this arrangement...